We exploited an existing database, centered from the the search group, towards drink and food consumption for 984 grownups

dos. Information and techniques

Data were collected using the WBQ tool from in the area of Athens, Greece from 473 individuals aged 16–86 (42 ± 18 years) (221 males) in summer and from 511 individuals aged 16–86 (38 ± 20 years) (245 males) in winter, stratified by age and sex according to the Hellenic Statistical Authority . All volunteers were informed on the objectives of the study and the procedures involved and signed an informed consent. The retrieved data were confidential, and the study followed the ethical considerations provided by The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). The WBQ incorporates a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire validated to record energy intake against three-day diaries (p < 0.001)>

In particular, the new WBQ will bring: (A) data into reputation of participant; (B) tape out-of application to the time of the previous times regarding strong and you will water restaurants, drinking water otherwise products of a semi-quantitative food regularity survey (FFQ) out of 58 dinners verified to own estimating time intake therefore the most sugar and you may honey that’s placed into products; and you may (C) quote out of physical activity with the the fresh new Worldwide Physical activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) , which details duration of physical exercise from the around three craft accounts (severe, average, lightweight get it done) or sedentary requirements. The fresh IPAQ could have been confirmed before just like the a mix-federal means having recording normaalit Salvadorian-naiset physical exercise [20,21,22] in order to guess times expenditure.

The power and drinking water content regarding submitted snacks and products is analyzed making use of the Diet Studies Also (Wadsworth Posting Co Inc., Belmont, California, USA), hence uses composition research throughout the USDA National Nutrient Databases and chosen Greek ingredients (i.e., mousakas, pastitsio, Greek natural yogurt, lentiles kidney beans soups, multiple Greek pies, souvlaki, overflowing tomatoes) . Based on complete times consumption and effort expenses, opportunity balance is evaluated as well.

In this research, “drinks” makes reference to fruit juices otherwise packed liquid 100% as opposed to sugar stuff, sugar-sugary drinks (SSDs) (good fresh fruit nectar having glucose, carbonated drinks which have glucose and effort/isotonic beverages), low calorie soft drinks, tea and herbal infusions, dairy (all types of dairy, chocolates milk products and you can cocoa take in), milkshake and you can sherbets, coffee-and coffees beverages, and alcohol (beer, wines and all type of alcoholic drinks). “Drink time intake (DEI)” relates to time intake out of products “total times intake (TEI)” in order to time consumption out-of the offer and “time intake away from meals” so you can energy intake out-of good and liquid foods (elizabeth.g., soups). The new contribution out of products teams to help you full time intake (research out of Malisova ainsi que al. 2013), presented while the complete intake of water (TWI), we.age., water out-of drinks, liquids, good and you can water delicacies so when drink drinking habits (DWI), i.elizabeth., liquids from drinks and you may liquids.

3. Statistical Analysis

Email address details are displayed just like the mean ± sd into the generally distributed parameters and median (P25–P75) towards the skewed of those. Normality try checked utilizing the likelihood–opportunities area (P–P patch) and histograms. Differences between folk regarding the total times intake, opportunity off beverages, energy out-of ingredients, times expense, time balance, water intake, liquid out-of water and you may beverages, liquid from drinks, h2o out-of liquid, liquid from delicacies, liquids loss and you will h2o balance was in fact reviewed to the separate decide to try t-sample towards usually distributed parameters and also the Mann-Whittney You-try toward skewed ones. Similarly, differences when considering the new five quartiles of your time out of drinks were reviewed with the one-method ANOVA F-test for the generally delivered variables additionally the Kruskal-Wallis H Attempt to the skewed ones. Advantages height is actually lay on 5%. Correlations between your contribution regarding drinks to help you intake of water when you look at the family so you can times into the wintertime and you will summer have been tested because of the Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation coefficients to own generally distributed or skewed parameters. All analytical analyses performed using PASW Analytics 18 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA).